// By view ID
onView(withId(R.id.submit_button))

// By displayed text
onView(withText("Login"))

// By partial text
onView(withText(containsString("Welcom")))

// By content description (accessibility)
onView(withContentDescription("Back"))

// By hint text
onView(withHint("Enter your email"))

// By view class
onView(withClassName(equalTo(EditText.class.getName())))

// By tag
onView(withTagKey(R.id.tag_key))

// Combine matchers
onView(allOf(withId(R.id.btn), withText("Submit"), isDisplayed()))

// By parent
onView(allOf(withId(R.id.title), withParent(withId(R.id.toolbar))))